Fluent.english.complete.course.with.audio.cd • 1. Scan and OCR by maillo • LIVING LANGUAGEFLUENT EnglishWritten byBarbara RaifsniderEdited byChristopher A. Warnasch Scan and OCR by maillo • Contents Introduction LESSON 3 WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO? 21 3A Say It Clearly!: Reductions 21 LESSON 1 3B English At Work: Dialogue -Would You HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN HERE? 1 Mind if I Looked at Your Resume? 211A Say It Clearly!: Pronunciation of-ed Ending 3C Build Your Vocabulary 22 1 3D English Under the Hood:1B English At Work: Dialogue – Making 1. Questions and Negatives in the Simple SmallTalk 1 Past Tense 241C Build Your Vocabulary 2 2.

Jan 20, 2012. These sections focus on aspects of pronunciation and intonation that are typically challenging for intermediate students of English — consonant clusters, linking, reduced English, challenging sounds, etc.• English at Work. The second section of each lesson features English in realistic contexts, ranging from.

The Past Habitual: Used to, Didnt Use1D English Under the Hood: to, and Would Always 24 1.The Present Perfect Tense vs. Making Polite Requests 26 Simple Past Tense 3 3E Phrasal Verbs with work 27 2.Verbs with Irregular Forms in the Past and Present Perfect Tenses 4 3F Real English: Put Your Nose to the Grindstone 28 3.Using/or and since with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 5 3G Bring it All Together 281E Phrasal Verbs with pick 6 3H Listen Up! 301F Real English: See You Later! 6 3I Why Do They Do That? Shaking Hands 301G Bring it All Together 71H Listen Up!

91I Why Do They Do That? Greetings and LESSON 4 SmallTalk 9 LAUGHING ALL THE WAY TO THE BANK 32 4A Say It Clearly!: Y-Vowel Link 32 LESSON 2 DONT GO AWAYI 11 4B English At Work: Reading - Banks in the U.S.

322A Say It Clearly!:-s Endings 11 4C Build Your Vocabulary 332B English At Work: Recorded Message— The Hotel Royale 11 4D English Under the Hood:2C Build Your Vocabulary 11 1. Simple Future vs.

Immediate Future 342D English Under the Hood: 2. The Present Continuous and Simple Present to Express the Future 35 1. -s Endings in the Third Person Singular 14 3.

The Simple Present Tense with 2. The Negative Simple Present Tense 14 Prepositions of Time 35 4E Phrasal Verbs with pay 36 3. Questions in the Present Tense 15 4F Real English: In the Black 362E Phrasal Verbs with turn 16 4G Bring it All Together 372F Real English: Hold On!

17 4H Listen Up! 392G Bring it All Together 17 4I Why Do They Do That? Debt 392H Listen Up!

192I Why Do They Do That? Americans on the Move 19 • LESSON 5 2. Degrees of Certainty in the Past THE CUSTOMERS ALWAYS RIGHT! 41 Tense 64 3.

Degrees of Certainty in the Future5A Say It Clearly!: W-Vowel Link 41 Tense 655B English At Work: Dialogue - Did You Phrasal Verbs for Giving and Getting 66 Need Some Help? 4 Real English: Keeping in Touch with5C Build Your Vocabulary 42 Friendly Advice 67 Bring it All5D English Under the Hood: 7G Together 68 Listen Up! Prepositions of Time, Motion, and 7H Why Do They Do That? Benjamin Franklin Location 43 and the American Work Ethic 70 2. Adjectives Followed by Prepositions 44 3. Verbs Followed by Prepositions 45 LESSON 8 YOUR RIGHTS AND5E Phrasal Verbs for Shopping 46 RESPONSIBILITIES 725F Real English: Shop Till You Drop!

47 8A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant5G Bring it All Together 47 Linking 2 725H Listen Up! 49 8B English At Work: Dialogue - Do You Know5I Why Do They Do That? Service with a Why I Pulled You Over?

72 Smile 50 8C Build Your Vocabulary 73 8D English Under the Hood: 1. The Passive Voice in the Simple Present LESSON 6 and Present Continuous Tenses 75 I HAVE GOT TO HAVE A NEW CAR! 51 2.The Passive Voice in the Present Perfect6A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Vowel Link 51 and Simple Past Tenses 756B English At Work: Dialogue - Lets Go 3.The Passive Voice in the Simple Future Look at My New Car. 51 and Immediate Future Tenses 766C Build Your Vocabulary 52 Phrasal Verbs for Criminal Acts 766D English Under the Hood: 8F Real English: Youre Busted! Modals of Necessity 53 8G Bring it All Together 78 2.

Modals of Advisability 54 8H Listen Up! Negative Modals 54 8I Why Do They Do That? Some Important6E Phrasal Verbs with come 55 Drivers Responsibilities 806F Real English: I Need Some New iWheels!

57 LESSON 96G Bring it All Together 57 THIS IS PARADISE, ISNT IT? 86H Listen Up! 59 9A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Tag6I Why Do They Do That?

Americans and Questions 82 Their Cars 59 9B English At Work: Reading - Aloha from Hawaii! 82 LESSON 7 9C Build Your Vocabulary 83 PUSHING THE ENVELOPE 61 9D English Under the Hood:7A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant 1. Tag Questions 84 Linking 61 2. Negative Questions 867B English At Work: Reading - A Brief 3.

Beginning Sentences with Negative History of Mail Delivery in the U.S.A. 61 Adverbs 867C Build Your Vocabulary 62 9E Phrasal Verbs with look 877D English Under the Hood: 9F Real English: Your Island Getaway 88 1. Degrees of Certainty in the Present Tense 63 • 9 G Bring it All Together 88 LESSON 129 H Listen Up!

90 SHELL WIN BY A LANDSLIDE! 1149 I Why Do They Do That? Travel in 12 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters 114 America 91 12 B English At Work: Reading-America Divided, But Always United 114 12 C Build Your Vocabulary 115 LESSON 10 12 D English Under the Hood: TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME! The Progressive Form of Modals 11610 A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Questions in 2. The Use of would rather 117 Statement Form 92 3.

Past Ability 11810 B English At Work: Dialogue-Its a Great 12 E Phrasal Verbs for Winning and Losing Day for Baseball! 92 11810 C Build Your Vocabulary 93 12 F Real English: Does She Have What it10 D English Under the Hood: Takes?

Reported Speech: Past, Present, and 12 G Bring it All Together 119 Future 94 12 H Listen Up! Using Modals in Reported Speech 95 12 I Why Do They Do That? Religion in the 3. Questions in Statement Form 96 U.S. 12210 E Phrasal Verbs with keep 9710 F Real English: A Day at the Races 9710 G Bring it All Together 98 LESSON 1310 H Listen Up!

100 PRIDE OF OWNERSHIP 12410 I Why Do They Do That? The Super 13 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions with should, Bowl 100 could, and would 124 13 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who Needs Buyers Remorse?

124 13 C Build Your Vocabulary 125 LESSON 11 SNAIL MAIL JUST WONT CUT IT! 103 13 D English Under the Hood: 1.Past Forms of should and shouldnt 12611 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowels in seat and 2.Be supposed to and be to 127 sit 103 3.Making Suggestions with could 12711 B English At Work: Reading — A Brief History of the Internet 103 13 E Phrasal Verbs for Buying and Selling a House 12811 C Build Your Vocabulary 104 13 F Real English: Real Estate 12911 D English Under the Hood: 13 G Bring it All Together 129 1. The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense 105 13 H Listen Up!

The Present Perfect Progressive 13 I Why Do They Do That? The American Tense vs. The Past Perfect Dream of Home Ownership 132 Progressive Tense 107 3. Driver Sweex Lw058 Download.

The Future Progressive Tense 107 LESSON 1411 E Phrasal Verbs for the Computer 108 HIT THE BOOKS! 13411 F Real English: Life Online 10911 G Bring it All Together no 14 A Say It Clearly!: The Preposition to 13411 H Listen Up! 112 14 B English At Work: Dialogue - Hes Always Been a Good Student! 13411 I Why Do They Do That? The Internet Generation 112 14 C Build Your Vocabulary 135 14 D English Under the Hood: 1. Verbs Followed by Infinitives 137 • 2. Adjectives Followed by Infinitives and 16 G Bring it All Together 162 It Plus Infinitive 138 16 H Listen Up!

Verbs Followed by Nouns or Pronouns 16 I Why Do They Do That? Plus Infinitives 139 Watercooler14 E Phrasal Verbs for School 140 Conversations 16514 F Real English: Life on Campus 14014 G Bring it All Together 14114 H Listen Up! 143 LESSON 17 THIS DIET MAY WORK FOR YOU!

16614 I Why Do They Do That? American Teachers 143 17 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters with / and r 166 17 B English At Work: Dialogue — What are LESSON 15 You Going to Get? 166 LETS GET TOGETHER SOMETIME! 17 C Build Your Vocabulary 167 145 17 D English Under the Hood:15 A I Say It Clearly!:The Vowels in pull and 1. The Real Conditional in the Present pool 145 and Future 16815 B English At Work: Dialogue — Whos That 2. The Unreal Conditional in the Present Over There? 145 and Future 16915 C Build Your Vocabulary 147 3.

The Past Unreal Conditional 17015 D English Under the Hood: 17 E Phrasal Verbs about Food 170 1. Verbs Followed by Gerunds 149 17 F Real English: This is Your Cup of Tea 2.

Verbs Followed by Prepositions and 171 Gerunds 149 17 G Bring it All Together 172 3. Go plus Gerunds 150 17 H Listen Up! 17415 E Phrasal Verbs about Relationships 151 17I Why Do They Do That? Food15 F Real English: Shes a Real Knockout! 152 Manners 17415 G Bring it All Together 15215 H Listen Up! 154 LESSON 1815 I Why Do They Do That? Drop by GET INTO SHAPE!

154 18 A Say It Clearly!: Linking Reductions with d, t, s, or z 177 18 B English At Work: Dialogue-Let Us LESSON 16 Design a Fitness Program for You! 177 WATERCOOLER CONVERSATIONS 156 18 C Build Your Vocabulary 178 18 D English Under the Hood:16 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowel Sound in man 156 1. Implied Conditionals 19916 B i English At Work: Dialogue - What Do 2. Using wish in Conditionals 180 You Think About the New Boss? Using would to Make Wishes 18116 C Build Your Vocabulary 157 18 E Phrasal Verbs for Health and Fitness 18216 D English Under the Hood: 18 F Real English: Youre the Picture of 1. Passive and Past Forms of Health!

183 Infinitives and Gerunds 158 18 G Bring it All Together 183 2. Passive Infinitives and Gerunds 18 H Listen Up! 185 after need 160 18 I Why Do They Do That? The Fitness 3.

Using Possessives to Modify Craze 186 Gerunds 16016 E Phrasal Verbs with take 16116 F Real English: I Really Work My Tail Off! 162 • LESSON 19 2.Verbs of Perception 202 911, EMERGENCY! 188 3.Reflexive Pronouns 20319 A Say It Clearly!: Dropping Syllables 188 20 E Phrasal Verbs with get 20419 B English At Work: Dialogue - Isnt This an 20 F Real English: Shooting the Breeze 205 Emergency? 188 20 G Bring it All Together 20519 C Build Your Vocabulary 189 20 H Listen Up! 20819 D English Under the Hood: 20 I Why Do They Do That?

Body Language, 1.Indirect Objects as Passive Personal Space, and More 208 Subjects 191 2.The Stative Passive 191 APPENDIX A 3.Common Uses of Get 192 IRREGULAR VERBS 21119 E Phrasal Verbs Related to Emergencies 19319 F Real English: Keep Your Cool! 194 APPENDIX B19 G Bring it All Together 194 ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY19 H Listen Up! 196 PREPOSITIONS 21319 I Why Do They Do That? The Family Doctor 197 APPENDIX C VERBS FOLLOWED BY LESSON 20 PREPOSITIONS 214 JUST SHOOTING THE BREEZE 19920 A Say It Clearly!: English Intonation 199 APPENDIX D20 B English At Work: Dialogue - A Block Party REAL ENGLISH IDIOMS 215 19920 C Build Your Vocabulary 20020 D English Under the Hood: INDEX 221 1. Participial Adjectives 201 • INTRODUCTION Fluent English is a high intermediate-/advanced-level course in English as a second or foreign language. It is designed to meet the needs of the intermediate-level student in vocabulary, grammar, listening comprehension, idiomatic usage, and pronunciation. It offers a great deal of practice in each of these areas, through both written exercises and recorded materials.

The language used in this course is realistic and practical, and the situations in each of its twenty lessons offer a cultural context that will be recognizable and relevant to most intermediate-level students of English. The course is divided into twenty lessons covering a range of topics from small talk and social situations, to telephones and business meetings, to computers, politics, and the Internet.

Each lesson offers essential vocabulary related to its topic, as well as important phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions that are typically challenging to the intermediate- level student. The lessons are divided into ten sections, each of which focuses on a different English language skill:• Say It Clearly! The first section of each lesson is a recorded pronunciation and intonation warm-up. These sections focus on aspects of pronunciation and intonation that are typically challenging for intermediate students of English — consonant clusters, linking, reduced English, challenging sounds, etc.• English at Work. The second section of each lesson features English in realistic contexts, ranging from dialogues to recorded messages to readings. The English at Work section is the cornerstone of each lesson, where the important grammatical structures and vocabulary are demonstrated. These sections are all recorded, giving the student an opportunity to hear and model native speakers.• Build Your Vocabulary.

The vocabulary section of each lesson includes certain vocabulary from the English at Work section as well as other general vocabulary related to the topic of the lesson. Each word or expression is defined in simple English, and an example is given to show realistic usage.• English Under the Hood. Each lesson focuses on three important grammatical structures.

Explanations are complete and straightforward, and plenty of examples are given to demonstrate each construction in context. Each grammatical point is also followed by a practice drill, giving the student a chance to practice and check comprehension.• Phrasal Verbs. Each lesson includes a list of important and common phrasal verbs centered either on a common base verb, such as take or get, or a particular theme. Each phrasal verb is clearly defined, and examples of usage follow each definition.• Real English.

Important idiomatic expressions related to the topic or theme of each lesson are included in the Real English section. This section is in the form of a short paragraph, where idiomatic expressions are used in context. The student should be able to understand the meaning of each expression from context, but each idiom is also defined in an appendix at the back of the book.• Bring it All Together. Each lesson also includes five comprehensive review exercises.

The first exercise focuses on the vocabulary from the lesson, the next three focus on • the grammar and structure, and the last one focuses on the phrasal verbs introduced in that lesson.• Listen Up! Each lesson includes a recorded listening comprehension exercise.

The student is directed to listen to a short article or dialogue on a topic related to the lesson, and then to answer questions written in the book. The Listen Up sections are designed to use both vocabulary and idiomatic expressions related to the theme of the lesson.• Why Do They Do That? Each lesson includes a culture note that explains an aspect of American culture related to the lessons topic. These aspects of culture range from table manners to home ownership to driving habits to proper behavior while being pulled over for speeding. The culture notes are designed to be both interesting and relevant to the students experiences.• Answer Key.

Each lesson also includes a key to all exercises. KEY TO SYMBOLS When you see PLAY CD and listen to the examples or exercises on the audio portion of the course. When you see PAUSE CD and return to the book until you seethe next • Le so 1 es on How Long Have You Been Her g u re?

AR YOU READY FOR THE LES RE Y SSON? Lessson 1, How Lon Have You Be Here?, will ta you somew ng een ake where you may know very we the INS office Youll listen in on a conversa ell: e. N ation between tw people waitin in line, wo ng which is something people unfortu g unately do very often, and whic is also a situa ch ation in which Americans l like to make 'sm talk.' Then, youll learn som vocabulary th will come mall me hat in h handy at the INS or anywhere y have to fill o forms. But th S you out hats not all. Les sson 1 also inc cludes: • The Present Perfec Tense vs.

The Simple Past Te e ct e ense • Using/or and sinc with the Prese Perfect and ce ent d Sim mple Past Tens ses • Phrasal Verbs with pick h • Idio omatic Express sions for Saying Goodbye g Fin nally, at the end of the lesson youll read a culture note about casual greetings and c acq quaintances. Bu lets start with a pronunciation warm-up. Rea ut h ady?1A SA IT CLEAR AY RLY! Turn on your CD t review the pro to onunciation of-e a very impor ed, rtant ending in En nglish.1B EN NGLISH AT W WORK Dia alogue: Making Small Talk g Sergei, a Russian immigrant, is w waiting in line at the INS.

The line is very long, and its t mooving very slowly. Peter, an Ammerican standin in front of Se ng ergei, turns aro ound and stri ikes up a conve ersation. Sergei is surprised by his friendliness s. Peter I guess we didnt have anything else to do today, did we?

E e d Sergei What? Peter I said I g guess they thin that we didn have anythi else to do t nk nt ing today. Its just tha weve been in this line for a very long time. Lt seems like we at n e arent g going anywhere very fast. E Sergei Yeah.

Ive been here since about 9:30. Wha about you? At Peter I think I got here just a few minutes before you did I decided to p d. Pick up a green-c card application for my wife. I shouldve got n tten it off the In nternet.

That wa I could have just stayed ho ay e ome. Say, where are you from m?

Im from Russia. M Peter Oh, whe ereabouts? Sergei I lived in Moscow for m n most of my life but I moved around a little. The military.

• 2 FLUENT ENGLIS SH Peter Intteresting. Ive n never been to R Russia, but Ive always wante to visit. E ed It seems like suc an interestin country. How long have yo lived s ch ng ou heere? Sergei Iv lived in San Diego for only a few weeks, but Ive been in the U.S. Ve b n sin August.

Nce Peter We welcome to San Diego. I g ell, o guess the weather must be a bit wa armer than whe youre from huh? Ere m, Sergei Ye thats true. Ive gotten use to it. Es, ed Peter Ha you visited the zoo or Ba ave d alboa Park yet?? Sergei No but I really w o, want to go to Baalboa Park. Ive heard about all the e flo owers and mus seums that are there.

Peter He Thats me. See y you around.

Sergei Oh OK. U.1C B BUILD YOUR VOCABUL R LARY Perhaps you need to go to the I.

To fill o some forms. Here are some terms you n e out e would see if yo were to fill ou an application to register for permanent resid ou ut n dence. Many of these words have oth meanings, b these are the usages you w see on I.

Her but e will N. Forms and other legal doocuments.

To be summoned to appear in c T court. The police could cite you for littering e u if you throw tra out of your c ash car.

To be indicted To be charge with a crime. Richard Haywa was indicted for d. Ed ard d espionage whe he was caug selling U.S. D en ght documents to a foreign governm ment. A law or regulatio usually pass by a local go on, sed overnment. The city e council passed an ordinance p d permitting the u of marijuana by cancer patients. Use a Beneficiary.

A person who is or will be the re ecipient of some ething of value ffrom someone who has died. Harol and Gerry we the sole ben ld ere neficiaries of the mothers eir modest estate. Rehabilitation Treatment to help someone r n. Return to regular, acceptable, o normal or behavior or abilities.

Recovery from drug abu or physical injuries. It was d y use difficult to convince the governor that Sa had been su g am uccessfully rehabilitated and wa ready to as leave jail and return to society r y.

A lesser penalty th what a court originally sugg l han gested. Thinking that Ralph Smith ha suffered eno ad ough for the crim he committed, the judge gra me anted him clemency and gave him a shoorter prison sent tence. A pa ardon given to a large group of individuals. Th government f he granted amnes to all illegal i sty immigrants who had come to work in the fields o w s. To obtain, to buy, to take possessio of something of value. Profe o on g essor Hodges wante to procure some ancient artif ed facts before retu urning from his s sabbatical in Africa. To engage in.

To become inv. Volved in something, to do something. Teresa would never engage in illegal activiti ies, even if she disagreed with a law.

To influence some o eone to do something. Robbies older brother i s induced him to steal mooney from their parents.

• Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 3 To conspire.

To plan together in secret to do harm. Kathy and Jane conspired to make Mary look foolish. To ask for something of value, usually money. Raymond got a job soliciting money for his political party.

To destroy or cause to fail. The lab technician sabotaged the experiment by deliberately mixing up the samples. Espionage was a common practice during the Cold War, and it still is today. To be in close connection.

The local television stations are all affiliated with major networks. To persecute. To harass, to cause someone to suffer because of a belief. Many people have come to the United States because they were persecuted in their countries. To move to action, to cause. The Prime Ministers latest announcement incited the protesting crowd to become violent.

A false claim, trick; a liar or imposter. Sam Jameson created a false medical license and began practicing medicine until he was exposed as a fraud. A document that gives up a right or grants unusual permission to someone else. Juan signed a waiver giving his doctor the right to send his medical records to his insurance company. Having legal guardianship of a child or children, often part of a divorce settlement. When the Camerons divorced, Mrs.

Cameron received custody of both children, and her husband won weekend visitation rights.1D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD TOPIC 1: The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Simple Past Tense Lets take a look at the two most common past tenses in English: the present perfect tense and the simple past tense. Present Perfect Simple Past / have spoken I spoke you have spoken you spoke he, she, it has spoken he, she, it spoke we have spoken we spoke they have spoken they spoke As you can see, the present perfect tense is formed with the verb to have and the past participle of the main verb, in this case, spoken. The simple past tense is just the past form of the verb, which in this case is spoke. These tenses are used a bit differently. The present perfect tense expresses an event that happened in the past when the exact time is not known, or when theres a result or a connection being made to the present, or when the time reference is still unfinished, as in so far this week, or up to now, or during my entire life.The simple past tense, on the other hand, expresses an action that happened when a specific finished time is given, such as yesterday or last • 4 FLUENT ENGLISH week or in 1995. Sometimes these tenses are interchangeable, depending on what the speaker wishes to emphasize.

Here are a few examples. Julia has returned from her trip.

(No specific time is given or is important, and the speaker is emphasizing that Julia is now home.) Julia returned from her trip. (Perhaps this is part of a longer narration of events in the past.) I finished reading the novel last night. ('Last night' indicates a specific time in the past.) Has Pam ever been to New York? ('Ever' means 'during her entire life.' ) / worked five days last week.

('Last week' is finished time.) So far this week Ive worked three days. ('This week' is unfinished time.) PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Complete each of the following sentences with either the present perfect or simple past tense. _________________ (drive) Mary her new car to Santa Barbara yesterday. __________________ (not try) Sam on his new pants yet. _______________ (buy) We a new house last week. __________ (eat) ________ you ever fried bananas? _____________________________ (not go) Mr.

Denton out of town last weekend. ____________ (see) I _____ never The Birds. ____________________ (not speak) He much English during his trip last April. _____________ (miss) ______you me while I was gone? ____________ (dance) you ever the salsa? ________________ (get) Richard a new car last week. TOPIC 2: Verbs with Irregular Forms in the Past and Present Perfect Tenses A lot of common verbs have irregular simple past and past participial forms.

Here are some of the more common ones. Youll also find a list of all of the most important irregular verbs in the appendix on page 211. Present Past Past Participle be was/were been begin began begun bring brought brought do did done eat ate eaten go went gone have had had know knew known see saw seen sing sang sung speak spoke spoken • Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 5 take took taken write wrote written PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Complete each of the following sentences.1. (sing) Who ______ that last song?2. (do) Sarah _____ her homework last night.3. (be) Where ______ you at breakfast?4.

(begin) Madeline ______ already __________ her new job.5. (know) Henry _______ all of the answers.6. (write) _______ you _________ that letter yet?7.

(begin) Angel ______ his university education last spring.8. (sing) She _____ in Las Vegas many times.9. (see) ______ anyone really ever _________ Big Foot?10. (take) I had a headache, so I ______ some aspirin. TOPIC 3: Using for and since with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses Use since when a specific point in time is given. Use/or when a period of time, rather than a specific point in time, is given. Yesterday one day last week a week last month three months Richard has lived in Chicago since 1985.

Richard has lived in Chicago for twenty years. Notice that you can use for and since with either the simple past tense or the present perfect tense, depending on whether or not the action is still happening. Ive worked for Green Enterprises for three years. (I still work there.) / worked for Green Enterprises for three years. (Now I work somewhere else.) PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Complete each sentence with either since or for.1. Weve lived in Los Angeles _________ before Barry was born.2.

Weve lived in Los Angeles _________ ten years.3. Theres been a roadblock on the freeway __________ three days.4. I havent seen you _________ I was in high school.5. Why havent you called __________ two weeks?6. Susan hasnt gone to work __________ last Tuesday.7. They stayed at this hotel __________ three nights.8. Roger and Martin have been gone __________ hours!9.

Have you been waiting for me __________ 7:30?10. She hasnt spoken to me ___________ the night we got into an argument. • 6 FLUENT ENGLISH1E PHRASAL VERBS WITH PICK Pick up. A) To take something up off of a surface. Pick your coat up off the floor. B) To meet and collect a person from a specific location.

Whos going to pick Henry up at the airport? C) To buy something Jordan picked up some milk on the way home. *Note that to pick up a person can also mean to meet someone, usually at a public place such as a bar or night club, and to become sexually involved with him or her after spending only a short time together. A) To select, to choose. Melissa picked out a shirt and brought it to the dressing room. B) To separate from. If you break a wine glass, make sure you pick all of the glass out of the carpet.

To take the best of something and leave what is not so good. The shirts have been on sale so long that theyve really been picked over. My sisters and brothers always picked on me because I was the youngest. To choose from a group of something. Stefanson picked a new assistant from the group of applicants for the job.

A) To take only very small amounts of food. Jessica ate almost everything on her plate, but she only picked at her peas. B) To scratch or irritate something, such as a cut or scrape. Dont pick at that cut!

To understand something, especially something that isnt intended to be understood. They spoke in Spanish in front of Dorothy, so she didnt pick up on what they were talking about. *Note that pick up, pick out, pick from, and pick over are separable.

This means the two words can be separated and a pronoun or noun can be inserted between them. Billy picked out the raisins or Billy picked them/the raisins out, but not Billy picked out them. Pick on, pick at, and pick up on are not separable. You cannot separate the verbs from the prepositions.1F REAL ENGLISH SEE YOU LATER! Saying 'good-bye!'

Is only one way to end a conversation. There are a lot of idiomatic expressions that people use when a conversation is over or when they have to leave. Here are some important ones, listed from most to least formal: Have a good day.

Take it easy. (Ill) See you later. (Ill) See you around. Catch you later. Note that these expressions are often preceded with Well. Well, have a nice day! • Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here?

71G BRING IT ALL TOGETHER Now lets review everything weve covered in this lesson. REVIEW EXERCISE 1: Vocabulary Place the correct vocabulary word in each space. Use each of the following words once: solicit, beneficiary, indicted, procured, waiver, persecuted, incited, affiliation, espionage, amnesty, conspired, rehabilitation, clemency, sabotage, cited, induce, fraud, custody, ordinance, engaging. When we found out that Dr. Wells hadnt gone to medical school, we knew he was a ________. Learning new skills is essential to the successful ________ from a life of crime.

For some people, working is much harder than ________ in crime. The well-known International is an organization dedicated to encouraging governments to free their political prisoners. Bill Jackson feltbecause he had received a dishonorable discharge from the army and few employers would hire him.

The soldiers sneaked in behind enemy lines to ______ the next shipment of weapons. ______ by jealousy, Roberto accused his wife of having an affair. If you let your dog walk around without a leash, you are violating a city. I want to show you some new gems weve recently.

The senator was forced to resign when his with a racist organization was uncovered. A sixteen-year-old cannot attend adult school without a from high school. Tammy went to several companies to ______ money so that she could afford to travel to the swimming competition. Ralph was ______ for breaking and entering. Mary was ______ for driving with her lights off. The Rangels filed for ______ of their daughters son.

A governor has the power to give to a condemned criminal, commuting a death sentence to life in prison. The boys ______ to scare all the girls in class on Halloween. Wiretaps were placed on the ambassadors phone line in an act of. Tony named his wife, Susan, as the _________ on his life insurance policy. The labels of many poisonous products warn not to ______ vomiting in case of accidental ingestion. REVIEW EXERCISE 2: The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Simple Past Tense Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb given in parentheses.

(arrive) The plane _________on time yesterday, but traffic was awful. • 8 FLUENT ENGLISH 2.

(be) It _________ a long hot summer, and its only August 3! (not call) No one can believe he _________ you yet. (put) Who __________ my keys under the couch last night? (eat) We _________ dinner at six. (go) Christian _________ to school already this morning. (visit) We _________ the Metropolitan Museum when we were in New York.

(see) I _________ the Eiffel Tower several times, but never in the spring. REVIEW EXERCISE 3: Irregular Verb Forms Fill in the spaces with the missing verb forms. Present Past Past Participle 1.

__________ was/were __________ 2. Do __________ __________ 3. __________ __________ gone 4. __________ gave __________ 5.

__________ ate __________ 6. Write __________ __________ 7. __________ __________ begun 8. __________ __________ seen REVIEW EXERCISE 4: For and Since Fill in each sentence with since or for. I dont think Ive seen you _________ high school. They didnt speak to each other __________ several weeks.

How long has it been __________ you left? We havent spoken _________ three years! Why did you keep silent __________ so many months? I cant believe youve been in Boston__________ September!

Im not sure why he hasnt called ___________ last week. It hasnt rained __________ six months. REVIEW EXERCISE 5: Phrasal Verbs Place the correct phrasal verb with pick in the blank space in each sentence.

What time do you want me to ___________ you __________ from the airport? Alexs mother and sister helped her __________ her wedding dress. Look how you __________ your food. You eat like a bird.

Johnny,__________all your toys and put them away. • Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? Evelyn _________ the label on her sweater because it irritates her. Russell told the class bully not to __________ the younger children. Barrys a pretty smart little boy; he seems to __________ whatever anyone says. Ive a beautiful crystal vase for Bill and Cindys wedding gift.1H LISTEN UP! Now lets work on your listening comprehension.

Turn on your CD and listen to Section 1H. In this exercise, you will hear someone describing a situation. As you listen, choose the phrasal verb that could be used in the situation. Pick out, on, up pick over, up, at pick at, on, upon pick up, from, at pick on, up, over pick up on, at, over1I WHY DO THEY DO THAT? Greetings and Small Talk Have you ever heard a complete stranger say hello to you as you pass him or her on the street? Thats not unusual.

Americans often greet people they dont even know. They may talk to strangers while waiting in line, or comment on the weather when standing in an elevator, or even strike up a conversation while sitting next to someone at a public event. Its true that this kind of behavior may seem too casual—or even just plain strange—toothers, but many Americans consider it friendly. Of course, these little pieces of 'small talk' arent meant to discuss anything very serious or personal or make new friendships. When they end, the participants go their separate ways and rarely commit to any kind of social involvement. This is normal for Americans, who often have a lot of acquaintances—at work, in their neighborhoods, at stores and restaurants, at the gym.

But Americans also make an important distinction between casual acquaintances and close friends.Lesson 1: Answer Key Practice Exercise 1 1. Hasnt tried, 3. Have/eaten, 5. Have/seen, 7. Have/danced, 10.

Got Practice Exercise 2 1. Has/begun, 5. Have/written, 7. Has/ seen, 10. Took Practice Exercise 3 1. For, 3, for, 4. For, 8.for, 9.

Since Review Exercise 1 1.fraud, 2. Rehabilitation, 3. Persecuted, 6. Sabotage, 7 Incited, 8. Ordinance, 9. Procured, 10.

Affiliation, 11.waiver, 12. Indicted, 14. Clemency, 17. Conspired, 18. Espionage, 19. Beneficiary, 20.

Induce Review Exercise 2 1. Hasnt called, 4 put, 5.

Have seen • 10 FLUENT ENGLISH Review Exercise 3 1. Give/given, 5.

Eat/eaten, 6. Wrote/written, 7. Begin/began, 8. See/saw Review Exercise 4 1. Since, 2.for, 3. Since, 4.for, 5.for, 6. For Review Exercise 5 1.

Pick up on, 8. Picked out Listen Up! Over • Lesson 2 Dont Go Away!

ARE YOU READY FOR THE LESSON? Lesson 2, Dont Co Away!, will take you on that paradise vacation youve been waiting for! Youll read a brochure for a world-class resort hotel and listen to recordings about some exciting vacation spots.

Then youll learn some helpful vocabulary for an exclusive hotel. But theres more. Lesson 2 also includes: • Helpful Hints for the Present Tense • Questions and Negatives in the Simple Present Tense • Phrasal Verbs with turn • Important Idioms for Using the Telephone Well finish off Lesson 2 with a culture note discussing why Americans move around so much.

But first, lets start with a pronunciation warm-up. Ready?2A SAY IT CLEARLY! Turn on your CD to practice another very important ending,-s.2B ENGLISH AT WORK Recorded Message: The Hotel Royale Listen to the following recorded phone message from The Hotel Royale in Florida.

Hello, and welcome to paradise at The Hotel Royale, Florida, where an exciting adventure beckons. Located near world-famous Disney World in Orlando, Florida, our world-class hotel features well-appointed accommodations designed to pamper you with luxurious amenities. Dont go away. For more information and for rates and reservations, please stay on the line.

Well be right with you. Now lets take a look at a brochure for The Hotel Royale, Florida on the next page.2C BUILD YOUR VOCABULARY Once again, lets take a look at some vocabulary related to the topic of this lesson. A place to stay, food and services. Because we were poor college students, we chose inexpensive accommodations for our trip through New Mexico.

Attractive and convenient material comforts. Whenever Nancy showed the smallest townhouses to her clients, she always pointed out the many wonderful amenities, hoping no one would notice the size. Among, between. Meredith found one black gumdrop amidst the many yellow, red, and orange ones. • 12 FLUENT ENGLISH FLORIDAS LEGENDARY HOTEL ROYALE is the perfect vacation destination.

We are conveniently located just minutes from Disney World, Universal Studios Florida, Sea World Adventure Park, and the dazzling Orlando nightlife. AT THE HOTEL ROYALE, we strive to make your stay memorable.

Enjoy a resort atmosphere where you can stroll among the terraced gardens, sip your drink beside the grotto pool, pamper yourself at our luxurious European-style spa, and savor the exceptional cuisine at the Royale Inn. The Hotel Royale, Florida, features such amenities as: • Deluxe appointed guest rooms • A spacious fitness center • Panoramic views • A rooftop botanical garden • Kitchen suites • Banquet and meeting facilities Your stay at The Hotel Royale, Florida, will be a fantasy adventure. We simply have everything: an exciting location, beautiful accommodations, and fabulous service. This just might be paradise. For rates and reservations call 1-800-555-2000.

Arranged; furnished, provided with what is needed. No one could help but notice how tastefully appointed the mansions were. To call someone or something to come towards you, often with the use of a hand or finger gesture that means'come here.' Applebee beckoned Tommy to her desk where they could discuss his mistakes in private. Manner or way of preparing food, a tradition of cooking particular to a region or country. There are so many wonderful restaurants from around the world that its hard to choose a favorite cuisine.

Something exciting or beautiful; blinding light. The local baseball team often puts on a dazzling fireworks display during its games. • Lesson 2: Dont Go Away! A cave or cavern, an artificial structure made to look like a cave.

The zoo had to fashion a variety of grottos for the animals to hide in when they wanted privacy. Similar to a story handed down from the past; something that is spoken of by many people over many years. The children love to read stories about legendary heroes, such as Robin Hood or King Arthur. Expensive, rich, abundant, magnificent; something that appeals to the senses. The hotel rooms were luxurious with their king-size beds, whirlpools, and sun decks.

Places to go and things to see and enjoy at night, e.g., restaurants, theaters, bars, clubs, cafes, movies, etc. Most people who do a lot of traveling like to sample at least a little of the nightlife in any city they visit. To give a lot of care and attention to someone. When Sally is depressed she pampers herself with a shopping spree.

A view that can be seen from all sides. The Empire State Building offers a panoramic view of New York City. To find delicious; to taste or smell with pleasure. Elwin finds Indian food so delicious that he savors every bite.

To drink slowly in small amounts. We sat in the coffee shop and sipped our coffee for hours.

Having a lot of space; very large and open. Being used to a tiny apartment, Bill found Maries home quite spacious.

To work toward a goal with great effort. It is difficult to believe that some people never strive to improve. To walk slowly and in a relaxed way. Oglesbee strolled through their garden every evening. With levels arranged like stair steps.

Villages in mountainous regions have had to raise their crops in terraced gardens. Among the best in the world.

The city council decided to build a world-class stadium in the hopes of attracting a national football team.2D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD Many students of English feel that one of the most challenging tenses in English is the present tense. Perhaps this is simply because its the first tense students learn, or that it has so many different uses. But whatever the reasons, there are three areas that often need to be reviewed: • The -s ending of the third person singular • How to form negatives • How to form questions • 14 FLUENT ENGLISH TOPIC 1: -s Endings in the Third Person Singular Only the third person singular, or the he/she/it form, of a verb in the simple present tense has an ending,-s. All other forms are the same as the basic form of the verb:/ speak, you speak, we speak, they speak, but he speaks, she speaks, it speaks. The -s ending becomes -ies if the verb ends in a -y.

Ifly,you,fly, we fly, they fly, but he flies, she flies, it flies. The -s ending becomes -es if the verb ends in one of these letters or letter combinations:-s (you dress, she dresses),-sh (I wish, he wishes),-ch (they touch, it touches), or -x (you fix, she fixes). And dont forget that the ending is pronounced -iz. Notice that some verbs end in a silent -e in spelling, but have as their last sound a -j (manage, judge),-z (lose, cruise), or -zh (massage). These verbs will only add an -s in spelling, but the ending will be pronounced as an -iz: she manages, he cruises, she massages, it loses.

(Youve already seen this in Section A, Say It Clearly!) PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.1. (spread) The tree branches over the sidewalk.2. (begin) When its very cold, my teeth ___________ to chatter.3. (run) Cedric __________ in a marathon twice a year.4. (bark) The neighborhood dogs ___________ most of the night.5.

(sell)The little girl ___________ lemonade on hot Saturday mornings.6. (take) It __________ a lot of money and good credit to buy a house in some parts of California.7. (taste) Red apples usually __________ sweet and delicious.8. (shine) The full moon ___________ clear and bright on warm summer nights.9. (expect) Meredith ___________ to have another baby before she is 38 years old.10.

(want) All the employees _____ to take a vacation in August. TOPIC 2: The Negative Simple Present Tense As you know, the basic negative simple present tense is formed with not. But you also need to use an auxiliary, or 'helping,' verb with not, either do or does. The pattern is: subject + auxiliary verb do or does + not + main verb (without -s!) Here are some pairs of examples, first affirmative, and then negative: / drive a car. I do not drive a car.

She takes the bus to work. She does not take the bus to work. Nasser likes this hotel. Nasser does not like this hotel.

Sabrina has a new car. Sabrina does not have a new car. The not comes between do or does and the main verb. Its often attached to do or does in a contraction: I dont drive a car. She doesnt take the bus to work. Nasser doesnt like this hotel.

Sabrina doesnt have a new car. • Lesson 2: Dont Go Away! 15 Remember that you shouldnt put the -s ending on the main verb in negatives.

Also remember that you should use only one negative in English: I dont speak Spanish. (Not: *l dont speak no Spanish.) She doesnt have any money. (Not: *She doesnt have no money.) / never walk to work in the rain. (Not: *l dont never walk to work in the rain.) And finally, remember that you need do or does in front of not with every verb except be: I am on vacation. I am not on vacation. They are spending a week at the They arent spending a week at the new resort. PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Make the following sentences negative.

Tammy rides her horse to school. We pay a lot to take the bus. The children do what the teacher says. Most women like to give their clothes away. Darren and Tom care about the rules of good sportsmanship. Maddie gets as much exercise as she used to.

It gets better than this! Many flowers bloom all summer long. The yard gets enough water.

The mountains have a lot of snow this time of year. TOPIC 3: Questions in the Present Tense Questions in the present tense are a lot like negatives, because you always need to use the auxiliary do or does, except with be: Sandro studies English at the community center. Does Sandro study English at the community center? They are in New York this week. Are they in New York this week? Remember to begin questions in the simple present tense with do or does, then the subject, and then the main verb (again, always without an -s ending!).

Does Tom know Mary? Do the children enjoy reading? Does Maxime have many friends? The exception is questions with a main verb is, am, or are: Am I wrong? Are you happy with the meal?

Is Gary at work right now? 16 FLUENT ENGLISH PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Change the following sentences into questions.1. Harold likes to go bird watching.2. Carolyn understands Spanish.3. Mockingbirds sing very early in the morning.4. You catch the bus at Fourth and Broadway.5. I write to my mother at least once a week.6.

Tina teaches with the Peace Corps.7. Minnie hides the cookies from her children.8. The companies send their products through the U.S. The Smiths hear a catfight in their yard almost every night.10. Takas party begins at noon. 2E PHRASAL VERBS WITH TURN Turn around.

To go back in the opposite direction. We just passed the theater. A) To lower the power of something, such as lights or volume. Turn down the TV!

Its too loud. B) To enter a road, especially a secondary road thought of as leading to a lower place.

You need to turn down this road and continue to the bottom of the hill. C) To refuse. It was a great job offer, but I had to turn it down because it was too much work. A) To leave a street or highway and enter a driveway, parking lot, etc.

/ think you can turn in here, where the sign says PARK. B) To go to bed. Lawrence usually turns in around 70.00 P.M. Because he wakes up so early. C) To give an assignment or paperwork to a boss or a teacher; to submit. Bethany turned in her paper just as the professor was leaving.

D) To report someone to the police. When Robert heard about his brothers crimes, he turned him in. To become (used with nouns) Jason got a promotion and turned into a real jerk! A) To stop an electronic device. Turn off the TV, because I cant sleep with it on. B) To exit a road or freeway. / think you should turn off at the next exit.

C) To be unappealing. This music is horrible! It really turns me off. A) To start an electronic device.

Our show is on in two minutes, so turn on the TV. B) To drive onto a street, highway, or freeway. Why dont we turn on this road and just see where it goes? • Lesson 2: Dont Go Away! 17 c) To be appealing or exciting. (Also used to mean 'sexually stimulating.'

) Dancing really turns me on and puts me in a great mood. To come to a party, event, etc. So many people turned out for your party! To reverse the position of something from right-side up to upside down. Can you turn over my pancake before it burns? A) To appear somewhere, to be found. Dont worry, your earrings not gone forever; itll turn up.

B) To increase the power of something, such as lights or volume. Turn up the lights a bit. Its so dark in here I cant read. C) To enter a road, especially a secondary road thought of as leading to a higher place. Maybe if we turn up this road well be able to get to the top of the hill.2F REAL ENGLISH Hold On!

Just about everyone knows that the expressions hello and good-bye are used to begin and end phone conversations in the United States. Here are some other expressions that are commonly used on the phone. If you need to leave the phone momentarily but dont want to end the conversation, you can say, dont go away, hang on, stay on the line, hold on a minute, or hold the line. In business settings, where there is a hold button on the phone, you can say let me put you on hold, please. This is often followed with /// be right with you. If a receptionist is very busy, instead of answering the phone and waiting for a response, he or she may say right away please hold or well be right with you.

And then youll be put on hold.2G BRING IT ALL TOGETHER REVIEW EXERCISE 1: Vocabulary Place the correct vocabulary word in each space. Use each of the following words once: accommodations, amenities, amidst, appointed, beckon, cuisine, dazzling, grottos, legendary, luxurious, nightlife, pampered, panoramic, savor, sips, spacious, strive, strolled, terraced, world-class.1. Bunch _________ to the end of the pier to watch the fisherman.2. Peabody _________ her tea and reads the paper each Sunday afternoon.3.

If you climb to the top of a mountain, you can have a ___________ view of the valley below.4. Many people around the world consider Chinese to be their favorite ___________. • 18 FLUENT ENGLISH 5. When Karen got engaged she chose the most __________ diamond ring. I just have to go to Hawaii; the islands ___________me! We drove most of the night to find the cheapest ___________. A lot of people _________ to lose weight in a short time.

Karen insisted that her wedding reception be held at a ___________ hotel.10. Most English-speaking people know the __________ story of Camelot.11. Martha has the smallest classroom, and Richard has the most ___________ one of all.12. Little Gloria fell asleep with her head nestled ___________ the pillows on the couch.13.

The _________ banks alongside the freeway are planted with flowers.14. Dont eat so fast. You need to learn to __________ this delicious food.15.

Tom Sawyers Island at Disneyland has lots of _________ for children to play in.16. Karen insisted on purchasing the most __________ wedding gown.17. Las Vegas is known all over the world for its exciting __________.18. This hotel costs a lot of money per night, but the rooms are very well ___________.19.

Greg had the flu, so he left work, went home and __________ himself on the couch all day.20. We rented a lovely cabin in the mountains that had all the ___________ of home. REVIEW EXERCISE 2: The Simple Present Tense Fill in the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense. (burst) The party balloons are cheap, so they ___________ easily. (cling) Baby Meredith often _____________ to her mothers skirt.

(bend) The trees sway and the branches____________ in the cool breeze. (freeze) Oranges and lemons ___________ when the temperature drops. (quit) Gerald always ___________ before he gets fired. (sweep) Marta _____________ her kitchen floor everyday. (stick) This window ____________ whenever you try to open it. (rise) Bill and Adriana ____________ at 6:00 A.M.

To go to work. REVIEW EXERCISE 3: Negatives in the Present Tense Make these sentences negative. Our local weathermen forecast the weather correctly.

Janey grinds her teeth when shes nervous. The washing machine spins the clothes until they are dry. Terrence winds his wristwatch everyday. The boys spread too much butter on their toast. Gladys and Henry mistake the sugar for the salt.

Cats creep up on their prey before they attack. Sharon feeds birds in the park. • Lesson 2 Dont Go Awa 2: ay! 19 REVIE EXERCISE 4 Questions in the Present T EW 4: n Tense Chang the following statements into questions.

The le eaves fall off the trees every autumn in this city e y. Joe an Tom split the money for eac job they do. W Warren goes to t store nearly every day. Jenna is part Cherokee. This st tore has nice things.

Edwinas clothes hang neatly in her c closet. Jorge sometimes leav his keys in h car. This bank is open late on Thursdays.

E REVIE EXERCISE 5: Phrasal Verb EW bs Place the correct phra asal verb with tu in the blank space in each sentence. A huge crowd ______ e _____ wheneve the Rolling St er tones play. The ne exit is one-a ext and-a-half miles away. Lets ___ _________ ther and get some re ething to eat. You ha exactly one hour to finish w ave e writing and ____ _________ you exams. Im pre tired.

I think Ill __ early. Jackie had to _______ e _____ the job of ffer, but she wou have made a lot of money. You ju missed your exit, so ______ and go back the other way. Its p pretty foggy, but I think you can __ to this parkin lot on your le t n ng eft. Hank loses his wallet all the time, but it always ____ ____ in the stran ngest places.2H LISTE UP! EN Listen to the recorded telephone reco d ording and answ the following questions.

How la does the park stay open? What happens if it rains? How m much do daily pa asses for two ad dults, one six-ye ear-old child, an one three-year-old nd child c cost? Which pass has the b h best rate if you w want to go to the park twice in one week? What s street is the par on? How m much does the p parking-lot shutt cost?

Tle 2I WHY DO THEY D THAT? DO Ameri icans on the M Move Youve probably notic that America tend to mov around a gre deal during their e ced ans ve eat lives. T This begins you ung, often right a after high schoo with the first separation from a ol, s m person family. Its a tradition for you people to m ns ung move away from their • 20 FLUENT ENGLISH hometowns to go to college, often going to a college or university on the other side of the country. But even if they decide not to continue their education, young Americans usually get a job and move out of their parents home after high school graduation.

This fast separation and movement is in keeping with the independence and individuality that the American culture fosters. Its also a matter of job opportunity. Americans will often go wherever their jobs take them.

This may include moving far away from extended family and friends, and could mean making several different moves from city to city or state to state. Its also common for Americans to live rather far from where they work, commuting hours by car or train to their jobs. All of this is in keeping with a tendency toward movement that many Americans demonstrate.Lesson 2: Answer Key Practice Exercise 1 1.spread, 2. Want Practice Exercise 2 1. Doesnt ride, 2.

Dont like, 5. Dont care, 6. Doesnt get, 7. Doesnt get, 8. Dont bloom, 9. Doesnt get, 10. Dont have Practice Exercise 3 1.

Does Harold like.?, 2. Does Carolyn understand.?, 3. Do mockingbirds sing.?, 4. Do you catch.?, 5. Do I write.?, 6. Does Tina teach.?, 7. Does Minnie hide.?, 8, Do the companies send.?, 9.D0 the Smiths hear.?, 10.

Does Takas party begin.? Review Exercise 1 1. Panoramic, 4. Accommodations, 8. World-class, 10. Legendary, 11. Spacious, 12.

Terraced, 14. Luxurious, 17. Nightlife, 18.

Appointed, 19. Pampered, 20. Amenities Review Exercise 2 1. Rise Review Exercise 3 1. Dont forecast, 2.

Doesnt grind, 3. Doesnt spin, 4. Doesnt wind, 5. Dont spread, 6. Dont mistake, 7. Dont creep, 8. Doesnt feed Review Exercise 4 1.

Do the leaves fall.?, 2. Do Joe and Tom split.?, 3.

Warren go.?, 4. Is Jenna.?, 5. Does this store have.?, 6.

Do Edwinas clothes hang.?, 7. Does Jorge sometimes leave.?, 8. Is this bank.? Review Exercise 5 1. Turns out, 2.

Turn down, 6. Turn around, 7. Turns up Listen Up! 1.8:00 P.M., 2.

The park is closed, 3. $104.85, 4, A five-day pass, 5. Olympia Road, 6. Free • Le so 3 es on Wh Would You Like To Do? Hat d e ARE Y YOU READY FOR THE LESSO ON?

If youre interested in finding a job in the U.S, Lesso 3, What Wou You Like To D on uld Do?, can help. TThis lesson will take you on a job interview and show you a sa ample resume. Youll also learn ssome important vocabulary for jobs and job hu t unting, and youll listen to a job hotline in Listen Up! Here are a few more thing you will learn in Lesson 3: n gs n • Ques stions and Nega atives in the Sim mple Past Tense e • Habit tual Action in th Past he • Polite Requests e • Phras Verbs with w sal work • Idiom for On the Jo ms ob Well f finish the lesson by discussing handshakes—f example, wh to offer a n for hen handsshake and the p proper handshak technique. But lets begin the lesson by pra ke acticing pronunciation in Say It Clearly! Readdy?3A SAY IT CLEARL Y LY!

Turn o your CD to practice some En on nglish reduction which are ch ns, hanges that you make to sounds in natural spe eech when theyre combined. RReductions are an important par of a rt natura al-sounding Engglish.3B ENG GLISH AT WO ORK DIALO OGUE: Would Y You Mind if I Lo ooked at Your Resume? Qing ZZhang was train as a comput programmer in China, so sh ned ter r hed like a job in the same n field here in the U.S.A Theres a lot o competition f computer pro A. Of for ogramming positions, but Qing is well qualified. Lets listen to a interview betw s an ween Qing and the Director of Human Resou urces at a major telecommunica r ations companyy. Pe eterson Hello Ms. Im Maria Peterso Have a seat, please.

Qing Than you. Pe eterson Would you like somet thing to drink? W Qing Yes, Id like some water, please, tha you. Pe eterson Woul you mind if I looked at your resume? Ld Qing Of co ourse not.

Pe eterson Well, now. Id like to know a little bi more about your backgroun How long o it y nd.

Have you been here? Where did you study? You do have a green c? U o card, dont you? Yes, here it is. I see it here on your resume.

And what would you like to A d do he at Collcom C ere Communication ns? Qing Um, Ive been here for about thre weeks.

May a little over three e ee ybe week I used to live in Massachus ks. E setts before I ca ame here. I was there for a year a a half, I thin And yes, I do have a green card. I studied and nk. • 22 FLUENT ENGLISH computer programming at Beijing University.

And I would like to be a computer programmer here at Collcom. Collcom is world famous, and I hear you treat your employees very well. So Id really like to work for such a famous and wonderful company. Peterson Yes, I see you worked at Pellcorp in Massachusetts.

Very impressive. Your resume looks great, too. You really are well qualified. We need someone to start right away. How soon would you be able to start? Qing I could start next week, or maybe sooner. Id just like a few more days to get a little more settled in my apartment before I start work.

But Im flexible. Peterson All right, Qing. That sounds great. Well, Ill be in touch within the next couple of days.

Quing Thank you, and it was nice meeting you. Now take a look at Qings resume on the next page.3C BUILD YOUR VOCABULARY Background. Education and work experience.

Can also mean family, ethnicity, religion, etc. The applicants background was in education; shed always worked as a teacher. An applicant for a job or position. There are nine candidates for the office clerk position.

The date when something is due or must be finished and turned in. Daniel Dean had only one more week to meet his deadline and turn his manuscript in to the publisher. Detail oriented. Capable of paying careful attention to details.

Many positions require that candidates be detail oriented. To keep evidence or a written record, such as photocopies, notes, e- mail, etc. Helen documented every instance of lateness or poor performance by her staff. Entrepreneurial spirit. Enthusiasm for business, especially ones own new business. Linda has great entrepreneurial spirit; she opened her own business and has had a great deal of success. An employment scout.

A person who matches jobs with applicants. Debbie was a skilled computer technician, so she went to a headhunter to find a better-paying job. The beginning or start. This company has had only the finest employees since its inception.

To communicate directly, to meet and interact. One of your responsibilities is to interface with other employees in the company. One thousand dollars.

The starting salary for this position is 55K. A person who establishes and maintains communication, a link. Secretary of State acts as a liaison between the President and other governments.

• Lesson 3: What Would You Like To Do? 23 Qing Zhang 2506 Brighton Manor Road San Diego, California 92106 (619) 556-2030 q_zhang@xpres.com OBJECTIVE Position as computer programmer in a busy, productive office. QUALIFICATIONS • Experienced working in demanding office environment with heavy phone traffic • Proficient in Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Basic, Power Builder, Visual C++/MFC • Some experience in Java Script, J Script, VB Script, HTML/XML/SGML • Bilingual Mandarin Chinese (native) and English (fluent) • Strong research skills • Detail oriented EXPERIENCE • July 2002 - February 2005 • Pellcorp International, World Center for Communications, • Shrewsbury, Massachusetts • Computer Programming Assistant—Compiled code into • programs, corrected errors detected in compiling process. • October 2000 - May 2002 • Internationa] Student Services, Beijing Institute of Technology, • Beijing, China • Office Assistant—Prepared documents for mailing, answered • phones, provided information to students, filed documents • and student files, made photocopies.

• June 1998 - August 2000 • English Language Institute, Beijing, China • Test Administrator—Gave tests to English as a Second Language students and assessed level, answered phones, performed administrative functions and assisted teachers in office. EDUCATION • September 1998 - June 2002 Beijng Institute of Technology, Beijing, China • Bachelor of Science in Computer Programming REFERENCES Available upon Request • 24 FLUENT ENGLISH Multitasking. Working on several projects at the same time, usually of different natures. Brad is great at multitasking, often doing filing, answering the phone, and scheduling appointments for his boss at the same time. Waiting, something not yet decided Jordan has a lot of pending projects; he doesnt know if theyll be approved or not. The ability to persist in an undertaking.

Even though Natalie isnt the least bit interested in Jack, his perseverance is amazing. He never gives up! To organize or accomplish according to importance, to be able to do projects in order of importance. Sometimes it helps a persons stress level if he or she prioritizes everything that needs to be done and sets aside what is less important. Thoroughly capable in a skill. Do you feel proficient in Spanish yet, or are you still learning? Potential or expected in the future.

Id like you to meet my prospective assistant. Id like to know what you think of him before I decide to hire him. A new comer to an organization.

Someone persuaded or convinced to join an organization. The army is always looking for new recruits. Someone who works well with others.

Most companies like to hire team players because they know that these individuals will promote a good working environment for everyone. Responsible moral philosophy or code of conduct at work.

Elbert was fired because he didnt have a good work ethic. He always got to work late, and he didnt take his duties seriously. 3D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD TOPIC 1: Questions and Negatives in The Simple Past Tense You reviewed the formation and use of the simple past tense in Lesson 1, where you compared it to the present perfect tense. Now lets take a closer look at questions and negatives in the simple past tense. Just like questions and negatives in the simple present tense, questions and negatives in the past tense require a helping verb: did instead of do or does. Lets start with questions. Questions in the simple past tense use did, following the same pattern as questions in the simple present tense, did + main verb in base form + rest of sentence.

John writes well. Does John write well? John wrote well. Did John write well? Notice that both writes and wrote become write, the basic form of the verb, in questions. Its up to does or did to show you whether the question is in the present or past tense.

Greg sailed to Block Island. Did, Greg sail to Block Island? Federica went to work by train. Did Federica go to work by train? They saw a great movie. Did they see a great movie? • Lesson 3: What Would You Like To Do?

25 To form a negative in the simple past tense, use the auxiliary verb did before the main verb, and insert not between the two verbs. The pattern is: subject + did + not (didnt) + main verb. Again, remember that the main verb is not in the past tense, but reverts to its root or basic form just as in questions.

She talked to him. She did not talk to him. I went to the store.

I didnt go to the store. Kenneth bought a new car. Kenneth didnt buy a new car. PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Change the following statements into questions. Paul studied in the library all last night.

Yuri had a beer with his meal. Marilyn left her books at home. Joe and Rich ran a mile and a half to the park.

The Jones family lived in Kentucky before moving to Arkansas. Now make the following sentences negative. We all visited Mother in the hospital last week.

They gave me their phone numbers. Tomas withdrew his name from the contest. The phone rang all day long. A bee stung me after the ball game. TOPIC 2: The Past Habitual: Used to, Didnt Use to and Would Always Used to expresses something about the past that is no longer true, but was once a habit or a regular, repeated action or activity. In this case, the verb use does not mean the same as employ, but rather has a special meaning in the construction used to. I used to believe in ghosts when I was a kid.

Sandy used to jog along the river every morning. I used to smoke cigarettes, but I quit three years ago. The negative of used to follows the same rules as any negative past verb. The auxiliary did comes after the subject and before the main verb and not is inserted between did and the main verb (use).

Use, the main verb, will be in the root form. The formula is: subject + did (didnt) + not + use to + verb. / didnt use to live in L A. I moved when I was in my twenties. He didnt use to drink coffee, but now he does all the time.

Questions with used to are formed in a similar way. Just put the auxiliary verb did in the first position, then the subject, then the basic verb use, and finally the rest of the sentence. Did you use to live in LA. Before you moved to Buffalo? Did he use to drink so much coffee? • 26 FLUENT ENGLISH Another way to express the past habitual is to use would (always) plus the verb.

This construction means the same thing as used to, but it can only be used to express a repeated action, and not a specific situation or condition in the past. / would always sleep with the light on when I was a kid. (Because I used to be afraid of the dark.) She would go to Prospect Park every day when she lived in Brooklyn. (Because she used to live so close.) PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of used to or didnt use to plus the verb given.

(live) I ________ with my aunt. (call) Marilyn _________ her boyfriend on the phone. (live)Tamara _________ with her boyfriend, but now she does. (be) Local elections _________ so boring, but now theyre so boring that few people vote. (be) The radio _________ as important as the television is today. (have) A long time ago, people ________ as much free time as they have today. Now lets try using would (always.) 7.

(lie) When Candy was a child, she _________ in the grass and watch the clouds. (ask) I_________ for a doll for every birthday until I was about thirteen. (pick up) When Jacobo was in high school, he __________his friends and drive them to school.

(eat) The Richardson children _________ cereal in front of the TV after school. TOPIC 3: Making Polite Requests Would is also used to make polite requests. Here are a few examples: Would you get me a cup of coffee, please? Would you please stop by my office at three tomorrow? Of course, the simple command form in English is: Get me a cup of coffee or Stop by my office at three tomorrow. But this can sound a bit abrupt or even rude to American ears, so its common to soften commands by using a polite request construction. You can also make polite requests using could or can.

These all have the same meaning, but would is the most polite. Could and can imply more familiarity than would. Finally, you can form polite requests with would you mind + verb + -ing, which is also a less formal construction. Could you get me a cup of coffee, please? Can you pass me the salt and pepper?

Would you mind getting me a juice glass from the cupboard? Theres another common polite expression with would you mind that asks permission rather than makes a request. Would you mind if I came with you?

• Lesson 3: What Would You Like To Do? 27 Would you mind if Brian borrowed your car? Notice that the verb in the if clause is in the past tense: came and borrowed.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb given in parentheses. Would you mind (shut) _______ the door? Would you mind if I (close) ______ the window?

Could you (get) ______ me an aspirin? Would you mind if I (take) ______ your dictionary for a moment? Would you mind if I (drive) ______ your new car?

Would you mind (let) _______ me sit in on the class this afternoon? Can you (fix) ______ me some tea? Could you (take) ______ me to the doctors office on Tuesday? Would you mind (make) ______ dinner for us? Would you (get) ______ me some bananas, please?3E PHRASAL VERBS WITH WORK; Work around.

To be flexible. To make adjustments to someones schedule or needs. Karen, dont worry about your kids. We can work around your schedule so that youll be home when they leave school.

To put a lot of effort into something. To pay attention. The only reason I speak French so well is that I work at it. It doesnt just come naturally.

Work for.a) To put effort into achieving something. In the present day economy you really have to work for the job you want, because it doesnt just come to you.b) To be employed by a person or company. What company do you work for?

Work in.a) To fit into a schedule, especially a busy schedule. Schmitz, it looks like we can work you in at 1:30 today for an appointment.b) To blend into or add gradually, especially using your hands.

After you make the dough you have to work in the other ingredients until everything is blended.c) To add or introduce, especially a topic in a conversation. / wanted to talk about the money Dan owed me, but I couldnt work it into the conversation. To focus on something, to do something attentively. He just may be up all night working on this report. Work out.a) To work to resolve a problem, especially in cooperation with someone else.

Ray and Jolene are seeing a marriage counselor to try to work out their marital problems.