US$110 million as of 2011 Developed from The Chengdu J-20 (: 歼-20;: 殲-20) is a single-seat,, all-weather, fighter aircraft developed by 's for the. The J-20 made its maiden flight on 11 January 2011, but the plane was officially revealed on in 2016. In March 2017, Chinese media reported that the aircraft has entered initial operational capability phase with limited service within Air Force. The J-20 descends from the program in the 1990s, J-20 is designed to become an with precision strike capability. In September 2017, the J-20 officially entered military service with PLAAF, becoming the third operational in the world, and the first in. It will be equipped with domestic Chinese Taihang engines. The two Chengdu J-20s making their first public appearance at Airshow China 2016 The program was started in the late 1990s.

Oct 25, 2015. The Scorpion Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) / Strike aircraft is being developed by Textron AirLand, a joint venture between Textron and AirLand Enterprises. The aircraft is capable of performing air defence, irregular warfare, border patrol, maritime security, disaster relief and. In the English Standard Version it reads: turned and said to him in Aramaic, 'Rabboni!' (which means Teacher). In the Vulgate Bible the text reads: Translation notes This verse, in the original Greek text, presents Jesus as addressing Mary Magdalene by the name Μαριάμ (Μariam), not the Hellenized form Μαρία (Maria) and.

A proposal from, designated Project 718, won the PLAAF endorsement following a 2008 competition against a Shenyang proposal that was larger than the J-20. In 2009, a senior PLAAF official revealed that the first flight was expected in 2010–11, with a service entry date by 2019. On 22 December 2010, the first J-20 prototype underwent high speed tests outside the. Three month later, first J-20 prototype made its maiden flight in. In 2014, several changes were made to J-20 prototypes, including new low-observable intake and stealth coating, as well as redesigned vertical stabilisers. Analysts noted new equipment and devices for multi-role operations such as integrated targeting pods for precision-guide munition, and six additional passive infrared sensors can also be spotted around the aircraft.

In December 2015, the version of J-20 had been spotted by a military observer. In October 2017, Chinese state media reported that the designs of J-20 had been finalized, and is ready for mass production as well as combat-ready. Design [ ] Characteristics [ ] The J-20 has a long and wide, with the chiseled and a.

Immediately behind the cockpit are low observable intakes. All-moving surfaces with pronounced dihedral are placed behind the intakes, followed by merging into with forward-swept trailing edges. The aft section features twin, outward canted all-moving fins, short but deep ventral strakes, and conventional round engine exhausts. One important design criterion for the J-20 describes. This requires sustained pitch authority at a high angle of attack, in which a conventional tail-plane would lose effectiveness due to. On the other hand, a canard can deflect opposite to the angle of attack, avoiding stall and thereby maintaining control.

A canard design is also known to provide good supersonic performance, excellent supersonic and transonic turn performance, and improved short-field landing performance compared to the conventional delta wing design. And are incorporated to enhance performance in a canard layout.

This combination is said by the designer to generate 1.2 times the lift of an ordinary canard delta, and 1.8 times more lift than an equivalent sized pure delta configuration. The designer claims such a combination allows the use of a smaller wing, reducing supersonic drag without compromising transonic lift-to-drag characteristics that are crucial to the aircraft's turn performance. According to the, the J-20 has the potential for development into a high performance stealth aircraft comparable to the F-22 Raptor, if given appropriate engines. Avionics and cockpit [ ]. The J-20 has an electro-optical targeting system under its nose while six units of Distributed Aperture System (DAS) sensors are mounted around fuselage. A testbed aircraft featured a J-20 nose cone. It is believed to house the Type 1475 (KLJ-5) (AESA) radar with 1856 modules.

Prototypes after application '2011' and production models feature revised nose section with electro-optical/infra-red targeting system similar to, and an advanced communications suite on top of the aircraft enables it to with other friendly platforms in service, such as airborne early warning drones. Six sensors similar to can provide 360 degrees coverage for pilot with system combing radar signal with IR image in order to provide better.

Chinese company has developed the EOTS-86 electro-optical targeting system and Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System for the J-20 and potentially other PLAAF fighters to detect and intercept stealth aircraft. The aircraft features a, with two main large color (LCD) situated side-by-side, three smaller auxiliary displays, and a wide-angle (HUD).

A Helmet-mounted display system also presented. The helmet is able to provide aiming assistance and help pilot to utilize battle management information more efficiently from other part of the airborne system. Armament [ ] The main weapon bay is capable of housing both short and long-range (AAM) (, C/D &PL15 – ). Two smaller lateral weapon bays behind the air inlets are intended for short-range AAMs ().

These bays allow closure of the bay doors prior to firing the missile, thus enhancing stealth. Engines [ ] Three types of engine will be used to test the capacity of J-20 in the development stage. The prototype is believed to be initially powered by and / or the engines.

China is currently working on an advanced domestic turbofan engine similar in performance to the Pratt & Whitney coded WS-15, but there are also speculations that engine may be used for the initial batch of the J-20. At the 2012 Zhuhai Air Show, Russia approached China in an unsuccessful bid to sell the Su-35, which included the 117S engines.

According to the latest news, China and Russia signed a contract for 24 Su-35 in November, 2015. However, Chinese source stated that the design of J-20 is mature and it will not directly use 117S engine. The production version of the J-20 is believed to be powered by the, a turbofan engine currently under development. According to Global Security, the engine core, composed of high pressure compressors, the combustion chamber, and high pressure turbines were successfully tested in 2005. An image of the core appeared in the 2006 Zhuhai Air Show. Stealth [ ] Analysts noted that the J-20's nose and canopy use a similar stealth shaping design as the, yielding similar signature performance in a mature design at the front, while the aircraft's side and axi-symmetric engine nozzles may expose the aircraft to radar. One prototype has been powered by WS-10G engines equipped with different nozzles and tiles for greater stealth.

Others have raised doubts about the use of canards on a low-observable design, stating that canards would guarantee radar detection and a compromise of stealth. However, canards and low-observability are not mutually exclusive designs. Proposal for the (ATF) incorporated canards on a stealthy airframe.

Lockheed Martin employed canards on a stealth airframe for the program during early development before dropping them due to complications with aircraft carrier recovery. McDonnell Douglas and NASA's featured canards and was considered to be extremely stealthy. Can be further reduced by controlling canard deflection through flight control software, as is done on the.

The (DSI) enables an aircraft to reach Mach 2.0 with a simpler intake than traditionally required, and improves stealth performance by eliminating radar reflections between the diverter and the aircraft's skin. Analysts have noted that the J-20 DSI reduces the need for application of. Operational history [ ] Flight testing [ ] On 11 January 2011, the J-20 made its first flight, lasting about 15 minutes, with a serving as the. After the successful flight, a ceremony was held, attended by the pilot, Li Gang, Chief Designer Yang Wei and General Li Andong, Deputy-Director of General Armaments. On 17 April 2011, a second test flight of an hour and 20 minutes took place.

On 5 May 2011, a 55-minute test flight was held that included retraction of the landing gear. On 26 February 2012, a J-20 performed various low-altitude maneuvers. On 10 May 2012, a second prototype underwent high speed taxiing tests, and flight testing that began later that month. On 20 October 2012, photographs of a new prototype emerged, featuring a different radome, which was speculated to house an radar. On March 2013, images of the side weapon bays appeared, including a missile launch rail.

On 16 January 2014, a J-20 prototype was revealed, showing a new intake and stealth coating, as well as redesigned vertical stabilizers, and an. This particular aircraft, numbered '2011', performed its maiden flight on 1 March 2014 and is said to represent the initial pre-serial standard.

By the end of 2014, three more pre-serial prototypes were flown: number '2012' on 26 July 2014, number '2013' on 29 November 2014 and finally number '2015' on 19 December 2014. On 13 September 2015, a new prototype, marked '2016', begun testing. It had noticeable improvements, such as apparently changed on the intakes, which save weight, complexity and radar signature. The DSI changes suggested the possibility of more powerful engines being used than on its predecessors, likely to be an advanced 14-ton thrust derivative of the Russian or Chinese turbofan engines, though, by 2020 the J-20 is planned to use the 18–19 ton engine, enabling the jet to super-cruise without using afterburners.

The trapezoidal flight booms around the engines were enlarged, possibly to accommodate rearwards facing radars or electronic jamming equipment. The fuselage extends almost entirely up to the engine's exhaust nozzles.

Compared to its '2014' and '2015' predecessors, the J-20's fuselage contains more of engine's surface area inside the stealthy fuselage, providing greater rear-facing stealth against enemy radar. In November 2015, a new J-20 prototype, numbered '2017', took to the sky. The most significant change in the new prototype is the reshaped cockpit canopy, which provides the pilot with greater visibility.

The lack of other design changes suggest that '2017' is very close to the final J-20 production configuration. Since '2017' is likely the last J-20 prototype, low rate initial production of the J-20 is likely to begin in 2016.

It has been reported that the design of J-20 is already mature and will not directly use the 117S engine. As of 2017 there are still a series of technical problems that need to be tackled, including the reliability of its WS-15 engines, [the aircraft's flight] control system, stealth coatings and hull materials, and infrared sensor. Production [ ] In late December 2015, a new J-20 numbered 2101 was spotted; it is believed to be the low rate initial production (LRIP) version of the aircraft.

In October 2017, Chinese media report that (CAC) initiates series production for J-20 and is on a path towards achieving full operational capability with the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). Deployment [ ] At least six J-20s are in active service, with tail numbers 6 identified. Another six were believed ready to be delivered by end of Dec 2016.

On 9 March 2017, Chinese officials confirmed that the J-20 had entered service in the Chinese air force. In September 2017, the J-20 officially entered military service with PLAAF, making China the second country in the world after United States wielding, and the first in. Strategic implications [ ] Political [ ] The first test flight coincided with a visit by to China, and was initially interpreted by as a possible signal to the visiting delegation. Speaking to reporters in Beijing, secretary Gates said 'I asked about it directly, and he said that the test had absolutely nothing to do with my visit and there had been a pre-planned test.' Hu seemed surprised by Gates' inquiry, prompting speculations that the test might have been a signal sent unilaterally by the Chinese military.

Denmark of the Center for New American Security in Washington, along with, an expert on the and, explained that senior officials are not involved in day-to-day management of aircraft development and were unaware of the test. Military [ ] downplayed the significance of the aircraft by questioning how stealthy the J-20 may be, but stated the J-20 would 'put some of our capabilities at risk, and we have to pay attention to them, we have to respond appropriately with our own programs.' Director of National Intelligence testified that the United States knew about the program for a long time and that the test flight was not a surprise. Felt that J-20's combination of forward stealth and long range puts America's surface assets at risk, and that a long-range maritime strike capability may cause the United States more concern than a short range air-superiority fighter like the F-22. In its 2011 Annual Report to Congress, the Pentagon described the J-20 as 'a platform capable of long range, penetrating strikes into complex air defense environments.' A 2012 report by the U.S.‐China Economic and Security Review Commission suggests that the United States may have underestimated the speed of development of the J-20 and several other Chinese military development projects. Observers are not able to reach a consensus on J-20's primary role.

Based on initial photographs with focus on the aircraft's size, early speculations referred to the J-20 as an equivalent with little to no ability. Others saw the J-20 as a potential once appropriate engines become available.

More recent speculations refer to the J-20 as an air-to-air fighter with an emphasis on forward stealth, high-speed aerodynamics, range, and adequate agility. The J-20 could threaten vulnerable tankers and ISR/C2 platforms, depriving Washington of radar coverage and strike range. However one of these targets, the, is reported to be optimized for spotting fighter sized stealth aircraft such as the J-20. A 2015 report noted the J-20’s combination of forward stealth and long range could hold U.S. Navy surface assets at risk, and that a long-range maritime strike capability may be a cause for greater concern than a short-range air-superiority fighter like the F-22. Cyber security [ ] In April 2009, a report indicated that, according to the Pentagon, information from the had been compromised by unknown attackers that appeared to originate from China.

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Folks, what are the chance probability that we'll steal the show here? I mean given that 'if Turkey was tempted enough to go for the HQ-9 over the S-300 or the Patriot' at one quarter the savings with technology transfer as a bonus, same rational will undoubtedly apply to all Chinese systems, no? As for China, I can see the rational that drives them: To truly put a dent into this lucrative market, the carrot stick offered have to be top notch and the item displayed have to be nicely priced and packaged (i.e., tech transfer) -- a slick sales pitch if you will - - designed to confuse and to make the shopping public's head spin.

I wonder if this sell-strategy will prove the formula for China to break open and set free the shopping public's frame of mind from the monopolistic strangulation hold of death that the West and Russias have on the shopping public? Time will tell. Time will tell.

2013-10-02 — A new fighter plane built by China is drawing more snickers than raves from aviation experts, and the People’s Army is now saying the jet was really ticketed for export all along. The J-31 “Falcon Hawk,” likely designed by reverse-engineering a downed U.S. Stealth fighter, was supposed “to become China’s next generation of carrier-based aircraft” and take its place next to the U.S.-made F-35 Lightning II as the gold standard in air force weaponry, according to a report last month in People’s Daily.

But now it looks like China, which has exactly one aircraft carrier, has scaled back the hype and will peddle the aircraft to second-tier air forces like Brazil, Pakistan and some Middle East countries. PLA Newest export fighter “It’s probably likely that the technology was not originally created for export but built for their own use and it did not work out too well,” Stephen Biddle, a political science professor at George Washington University and senior defense policy fellow at the Council for Foreign Relations told FoxNews.com. Even the Chinese press has been critical of the jet, with Bejing-based Sina Military Network calling the J-15 a “flopping fish,” and claiming that the plane could not take off from a carrier with heavy ammunitions which could cripple its attack range as well as firepower. Aviation experts say that based on the limited information publicly available of the J-31, it appears to be little more than a cheap copy of an American fighter jet. “The J-31 is sort of a copy of the F-22, the most advanced (and troubled), U.S.

Multi-role fighter jet,” David Cenciotti, a former pilot for the Italian Air Force who blogs at theaviationist.com, told FoxNews.com. “Same nose section, same twin tails and trapezoidal wings along with the distinctive lines of the stealth design.” But Cenciotti said the aircraft doesn’t appear to have thrust vectoring capabilities that give fighter planes superior maneuverability. He suspects it was based on American warplanes, and not just the F-117 stealth jet downed in 1999 by a Serbian anti-aircraft missile. “Considering all the cyber attacks targeting Lockheed Martin stealth projects in the last years, one could believe Chinese hackers were able to put their hands on some useful technical drawings of the Raptor or F-35,” he said. No amount of espionage or copying of U.S. Technology can duplicate American air power, according to Rep.

Adam Kinzinger (R-Il.) an Air Force veteran who still serves as a pilot in the Air National Guard. “America has always produced and flown the top aviation machines in the world,” Kinzinger told FoxNews.com. “While China’s claims about the capabilities of the J-31 have raised some eyebrows, consider me a skeptic until I see the proof.” James Hardy, Asia-Pacific Editor of Jane’s Defence Weekly, said there is no way to compare the J-31 to other fighter planes, given the secrecy still surrounding it.

“Because we have only limited data on the J-31, it impossible to say whether it is inferior to the F-35,” Hardy said. “Qualitatively there’s no way to compare unless we know its fire-control radar, subsystems, avionics, and what it is made of. Its planform [silhouette] certainly makes it look like a fifth generation fighter, but what materials it is made of and all kinds of other questions mean judging its radar cross section – and so its stealthiness – is hard to do.” Hardy adds that lack of strong information about the fighter –and the fact that it is going straight to export–might make it a hard sell on the international market. “One key point is that if the People’s Liberation Army air forces aren’t going to field it, that might deter other countries,” he said. “The thinking may go: if it’s not good enough for China, why should we buy it?”.